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27
Jun

Cirrhosis

61Cirrhosis is a condition in which liver scarring is observed. A long term disease or injury causes a scar tissue. Scar tissue is unable to work as healthy liver tissues.

Healthy liver tissues make protein, clean the blood, store energy, provide the help to fight against infections, and help to digest food. Due to the formation of this scar tissue, blood flow in the liver is affected.

liver cannot carry the essential functions like detoxification of harmful substances, blood purification and manufacturing of vital nutrients. Very few people with cirrhosis get liver cancer.

Signs and symptoms of cirrhosis are not shown in early stages. When deterioration of liver function occurs, you may feel leg and abdominal swelling, fatigue, unexpected weight loss, and nausea.

Cirrhosis may lead you to:

  • Extra medicinal sensitivity
  • Kidney failure
  • Nosebleeds or easy bruising or nosebleeds
  • Swelling of legs or abdomen
  • Liver entering high blood pressure
  • In stomach or esophagus enlargement of veins
  • Jaundice- yellowing of your skin may develop. It is possible to experience the intense bleeding from your digestive system in such conditions.

    The common causes of cirrhosis are mentioned below:

  • Hepatitis
  • Chronic alcoholism
  • Damaged bile ducts
  • Problems of immune system
  • Exposure to environmental toxins for a long time
  • No treatment is available to make the scar tissue disappear. If you treat the cause, you can keep the scar tissue from getting worse. Treatment also prevents further complications. If formation of multiple scar tissues occurs, you should consider liver transplant.

    27
    Jun

    CALCIUM

    32Calcium is a major mineral element.

    It constitutes around 1.5-2% of the total body weight.

    An average adult body contains about 1200g of calcium of which over 98% is found in the bones.

    There is equilibrium between calcium in the blood and that in the skeleton.

    This equilibrium is maintained by the interaction of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and probably calcitonin.

    Functions:

  • Formation of bones and teeth
  • Coagulation of blood
  • Contraction of muscles
  • Cardiac action
  • Reduces muscle cramps and menstrual cramps.
  • Prevents tooth decay
  • Relay of electrical and chemical messages in the body tissues
  • Maintaining the cell membranes
  • Metabolism of enzymes and hormones
  • Some Facts:

  • Absorption of calcium is enhanced by vitamin D and decreased by presence of phytates, oxalates and fatty acids in the diet
  • The limiting factor in the complete absorption of calcium from green leafy vegetables (e.g: spinach) is the presence of oxalic acid with which calcium forms an insoluble compound – calcium oxalate and thus doesn’t get absorbed.
  • The bioavailability of calcium from cereals is poor because of the presence of phytic acid which forms an insoluble compound with calcium – calcium phytate
  • Calcium deficiency is known to cause Osteoporosis especially at menopause. Osteoporosis is a condition accompanied by the demineralization of bones resulting in typical symptoms like fragile and weak bones, loss of height, fracture of the bones and curved spines
  • Dairy products are excellent sources of calcium. But at the same time, dairy products are a good source of saturated fats and calories. So, skimmed milk and low fat milk products are better substitutes
  • Certain foods interfere with the absorption of dietary calcium, and so, intake of these foods should be better avoided along with calcium-rich foods. Some of the calcium inhibitors are alcohol, caffeinated beverages, and excesses of protein, salt or refined sugar and soft drinks
  • Some lifestyle modifications like avoidance of smoking, getting adequate vitamin D and opting for weight bearing exercises along with all other essential components of diet will prevent calcium and other nutrient related deficiency
  • 24
    Jun

    Sunflower Seeds

    31Sunflower seeds are an excellent source of vitamin E, the body’s primary fat-soluble antioxidant. Vitamin E travels throughout the body neutralizing free radicals that would otherwise damage fat-containing structures and molecules, such as cell membranes, brain cells, and cholesterol.

    By protecting these cellular and molecular components, vitamin E has significant anti-inflammatory effects that result in the reduction of symptoms in asthma, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, conditions where free radicals and inflammation play a big role.

    Getting plenty of vitamin E can significantly reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis. Just a quarter-cup of sunflower seeds contains 90.5% of the daily value for vitamin E.

    Sunflower seeds are an excellent source of vitamin E, the body’s primary fat-soluble antioxidant. Vitamin E travels throughout the body neutralizing free radicals that would otherwise damage fat-containing structures and molecules, such as cell membranes, brain cells, and cholesterol.

    By protecting these cellular and molecular components, vitamin E has significant anti-inflammatory effects that result in the reduction of symptoms in asthma, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, conditions where free radicals and inflammation play a big role.

    Getting plenty of vitamin E can significantly reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis. Just a quarter-cup of sunflower seeds contains 90.5% of the daily value for vitamin E.

  • Add sunflower seeds to your favorite tuna, chicken or turkey salad recipe.
  • Garnish mixed green salads with sunflower seeds.
  • Adding sunflower seeds to scrambled eggs will give them a unique taste and texture.
  • Use fine ground sunflower seeds to dust your meats with in place of flour.
  • Sprinkle sunflower seeds onto hot and cold cereals.
  • 25
    Mar

    New Genetic Risk Factors for Sudden Cardiac Death

    DNA strand

    One known cause of SCD is Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a disease in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, making it harder for the heart to pump blood. HCM often goes undetected and is the most common cause of sudden death in athletes. SCD can also occur in people who are born with coronary arteries that are abnormally connected to the heart. During exercise, these arteries may become compressed and unable provide proper blood flow to the heart.

    However, with the lack of telltale symptoms and limited availability of diagnostic tests to detect SCD, predicting who is at risk is largely dependent upon genetics. An international team of researchers including members from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, the Technical University in Munich as well as others have now identified 10 common variants of genes that alter QT interval, or the timing of the contraction of the heart, that may help to pinpoint predisposition for sudden cardiac death. The study has recently been published in Nature Genetics.

    Among the other genes identified, several had been suspected. However, according to Dan Arking, Ph.D., an assistant professor in the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, “almost half were surprising new genes that no one would have guessed as being involved in cardiac biology.” Arking also stated, “It really does open up a new world of investigation because these are genes that would have never come up if we had only focused on a list of known candidate genes.”