WASHINGTON (Reuters) – The skeleton of an early human who lived 4.4 million years ago shows that humans did not evolve from chimpanzee-like ancestors, researchers reported on Thursday.

Instead, the missing link — the common ancestor of both humans and modern apes — was different from both, and apes have evolved just as much as humans have from that common ancestor, they said.

The researchers stressed that “Ardi” may now be the oldest known hominid, but she was not the missing link. “At 4.4 million years ago we found something pretty close to it,” said Tim White of the University of California Berkeley, who helped lead the research team.

They described the partial skeleton of a female representative of Ardipithecus ramidus. The hominid species lived 4.4 million years ago in what is now Ethiopia.

The 4-foot (1.2 meter) tall creature is a million years older than “Lucy” — the skeleton of another species called Australopithecus afarensis that is one of the best-known pre-humans.

Genetics suggest that humans and our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees, diverged 6 million to 7 million years ago, although some research suggests this may have happened 4 million years ago.

“Ardi” is clearly a human ancestor and her descendants did not grow up to be chimpanzees or other apes, the researchers report in the journal Science.

She had an ape-like head and opposable toes that allowed her to climb trees easily, but her hands, wrists and pelvis show she strode like a modern human and did not knuckle-walk like a chimp or a gorilla.

“People have sort of assumed that modern chimpanzees haven’t evolved very much, that the last common ancestor was more or less like a chimpanzee and that it’s been … the human lineage … that’s done all the evolving,” White said.

But “Ardi” is “even more primitive than a chimpanzee,” White said.

So chimps and gorillas do not knuckle-walk because they are more primitive than humans — they have evolved this characteristic that helps them live in their forest homes.

White, Berhane Asfaw of Rift Valley Research Service in Addis Ababa and a large team analyzed all the bones of Ardi and found she might have been more peace-loving than modern chimpanzees. She does not have the long, sharp canines that chimps use to fight, for instance.

And males and females have similar-sized teeth, suggesting more equality than seen among modern apes.

But her brain, while small, is positioned in a way more similar to that of Australopithecus and modern humans, suggesting more human-like visual and spatial perception

Men, just like women, are concerned about their appearances.  Men, like women, are also concerned about looking young for as long as they can.  For these men who want to keep up with their personal appearances, there is eye cream and a myriad of other skin care products.  Eye creams that were designed for men, just like those designed for women, are sometimes meant for various purposes.  Some of these eye creams will be anti-aqing, while others will be for dark circles, sagging and other peri orbital skin problems.  In the following article, we will review further information about eye cream for men. 

Most eye creams that have been made for men are designed to be the preventative sort more than the combative sort.  Of course, these eye creams are made to combat skin problems that may occur in the area of the eyes, but they are made so men can start using them before their wrinkles and other signs of aging really take hold.  These eye creams that have been designed especially for men were made to provide a man’s skin with the nourishment that it needs to stay looking and young and healthy.  Men’s eye creams that are high in antioxidants and moisturizersare ideal.  Antioxidants allow the skin to be able to protect itself naturally. 

Moisturizers can keep the skin from becoming excessively dry, which is very nice for the man who works out in the weather constantly.  Moisturizers also provide essential nourishment that the skin needs, therefore, even if you do not work out in the weather, moisturizers should still be important to you.  However, you need less moisturizers the younger you are.  So, if you are a man still in his thirties or younger, you will not need as many moisturizers as the older groups of men.  Choosing a man’s eye cream that is for your skin type is also very important.  It is wise to pick the eye cream that is most closely targeted to fit your exact needs.

Prior to the 1940’s most physicians were well trained in didactic syphilology and had the opportunity to observe many clinical cases. However, those receiving formal education within the past 15-20 years are lucky to have been exposed to even a few hours of syphilology; and exceptional has been their experience if they have ever seen more than a few cases of syphilis. As a consequence, many physicians have been graduated without an adequate knowledge of the many faces of syphilis. Without a high index of suspicion on the part of the physician this “great imitator” will go undiagnosed and continue its path of destruction.

This article does not pretend to be an exhaustive text on the subject of syphilis. It is an attempt to provide the physician with a set of sound guidelines and a few rules of thumb which will give him confidence and expedite his decisions in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. It is also intended to show that there are no isolated cases of infectious syphilis but that every case of primary and secondary syphilis is directly related to at least one additional case, and that careful exploitation in the area of epidemiology must be carried out with a sense of immediacy.

History and Physical Examination

An accurate history is important and often essential to the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis. In obtaining the history one should speak the language of the layman. The routine medical history should include chief complaint, present illness, past and social history, and review of systems. Such a history should include information on:

Previous infection (memory of “Bad Blood”, “Lues” or “Hair Cut”, or other venereal disease).

Remembered signs and symptoms (all prior lesions of the skin and genitalia, eye complaints, sore throat, rash, hair loss, etc.).

Parental or family infection (blood tests, illness, miscarriages, stillbirths, etc.).

Previous serologic tests (premarital, prenatal, military, employment, hospitalization, food-handler) and lumbar puncture.

Treatment which might have been antisyphilitic (memory of “hip and arm” shots).

Recent antibiotics (given for ailments other than syphilis). Drug reactions.

The necessity of a careful and complete physical examination, including neurological evaluation and a routine serologic test for syphilis, cannot be overstressed. The patient should be completely unclothed when conducting this examination. All cutaneous surfaces, including the mucous membranes and anogenital region, must be examined in good light, preferably daylight. Other valuable procedures, which may be indicated, depending on the individual case, include chest fluoroscopy or roentgen examination of the chest, darkfield examination of the lesion, confirmatory serologic tests for syphilis, and spinal fluid examination.

Colon cancer is believed to be one of the most deadly types of cancers that afflicts loads of individuals every year. What makes it so bad is how tough it is for individuals to understand the symptoms and the ability for Physicians to catch it when it is in the early stage. When discovered too late there is little to nothing that anybody can do to address it.

One of the best ways that you can learn to recognize this disease early is to understand the risk factors. This will serve you to understand whether you are regarded – by medical terms – to be a high or low risk. If you believe that you are high risk you need to have regular check ups and screenings planned with your physician.

Age – Reports show that close to 90% of people who are diagnosed with this condition are fifty years or more. However, it is still possible for younger people to have it – it is merely not as common.

Personal History – If you are somebody who is diagnosed with colon cancer and have treated it successfully than you are at a high risk for colon cancer. This is because your body is susceptible to the polyps that occur during this health condition and it is very potential it will reoccur.

Intestinal Conditions – There are definite problems of the intestines that will cause inflammation of the colon. A couple of these are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Genetics – There are numerous conditions that are passed down through genetics and this is considered to be of them. Seek to study your family’s history and notice if any of them have had colon cancer. If more then one of them have been diagnosed with it then this can increase your risk even more.