WASHINGTON (Reuters) – The skeleton of an early human who lived 4.4 million years ago shows that humans did not evolve from chimpanzee-like ancestors, researchers reported on Thursday.

Instead, the missing link — the common ancestor of both humans and modern apes — was different from both, and apes have evolved just as much as humans have from that common ancestor, they said.

The researchers stressed that “Ardi” may now be the oldest known hominid, but she was not the missing link. “At 4.4 million years ago we found something pretty close to it,” said Tim White of the University of California Berkeley, who helped lead the research team.

They described the partial skeleton of a female representative of Ardipithecus ramidus. The hominid species lived 4.4 million years ago in what is now Ethiopia.

The 4-foot (1.2 meter) tall creature is a million years older than “Lucy” — the skeleton of another species called Australopithecus afarensis that is one of the best-known pre-humans.

Genetics suggest that humans and our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees, diverged 6 million to 7 million years ago, although some research suggests this may have happened 4 million years ago.

“Ardi” is clearly a human ancestor and her descendants did not grow up to be chimpanzees or other apes, the researchers report in the journal Science.

She had an ape-like head and opposable toes that allowed her to climb trees easily, but her hands, wrists and pelvis show she strode like a modern human and did not knuckle-walk like a chimp or a gorilla.

“People have sort of assumed that modern chimpanzees haven’t evolved very much, that the last common ancestor was more or less like a chimpanzee and that it’s been … the human lineage … that’s done all the evolving,” White said.

But “Ardi” is “even more primitive than a chimpanzee,” White said.

So chimps and gorillas do not knuckle-walk because they are more primitive than humans — they have evolved this characteristic that helps them live in their forest homes.

White, Berhane Asfaw of Rift Valley Research Service in Addis Ababa and a large team analyzed all the bones of Ardi and found she might have been more peace-loving than modern chimpanzees. She does not have the long, sharp canines that chimps use to fight, for instance.

And males and females have similar-sized teeth, suggesting more equality than seen among modern apes.

But her brain, while small, is positioned in a way more similar to that of Australopithecus and modern humans, suggesting more human-like visual and spatial perception

A vitamin is an organic compound required as a nutrient in tiny amounts by the body. Vitamins are substances that are found in foods we eat. Vitamins also act as co-enzymes to carry chemical groups between enzymes. Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions, including functioning as hormones. Fruits and vegetables are often a good source of vitamins.

Vitamins are classified as fat-soluble and water-soluble.

Fat soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are classified as the fat-soluble vitamins which accumulate within lipids as fat stores of the body and within the liver. They can be stored in the body for a longer period of time and can be called to action whenever needed by the body.

Vitamin A (Retinol) – It helps you see at night. Vitamin A also helps to see in color from the brightest yellow to the darkest purple. Carrots are a good source of vitamin A. Deficiency in vitamin A leads to night blindness.

Vitamin D (Calciferol)- It is a vital vitamin for strong bones and teeth. Vitamin D helps the body in adequate calcium and phosporous absorption. Vitamin D is obtained when the body is exposed to sunlight adequately. Cod liver oil is an excellent nutritional source of vitamin D as well. Deficiency in vitamin D can lead to rickets.

Vitamin E (Tocopherol) – It takes care of lungs and also aids in formation of red blood cells. Wheat germ oil is an excellant sorce of vitamin E. Deficiency in vitamin E leads to anemia, due to oxidative damge to red blood cells.

Vitamin K (Phylloquinone) – It helps in the maintenance of normal levels of the blood clotting proteins. It acts as a blood coagulant. Deficiency of vitamin k can lead to bleeding of gums and nose. Good sources of vitamin K are spinach, cabbage, broccoli, kiwi and avacados.

Hair has become an important part of our lives, it dictates how we feel, dress and act. Hair is an essential part of our daily lives not only does it keep our heads warm but also enhances our appearance. Hair can make us look stylish and distinguished, like a rock star, sweet or sassy and flirtatious. One thing for sure is that no matter how we wear our hair we want to create ultimate shine and silk that makes our hair look healthy, strong and desired by many.

Straight, curly, wavy, short, medium or long, no matter the length, style, cut or shape of the hair, you will be able to create ultimate shine through various ways of maintaining your mane. There are a variety of ways that one can create the perfect silky shine to make their hair flawless and glowing. There have been home remedies as well as great shine enhancing hair care products that hit the market that help your hair and give it the assistance that it needs. Taking care of your hair requires internal and external work and if you follow these great hair tips, your hair will be just as silky and shiny as the model on the L’Oreal bottle.

Some Tips for Shiny Hair

Eat plenty of iron packed foods or take iron supplements. Iron is a good source of nutrients that will give you healthy skin and shiny hair.

Vitamin E should be the epitome of shine. Vitamin E has special agents that create a silky, shiny effect for your hair, you can take a supplement or use a product based gel, shampoo or conditioner.

Condition your hair weekly, to get best results use a deep conditioner.

Use hot oil treatments to create great shine.

Moisturizing shampoos are ideal when you are trying to get shiny hair.

There are a variety of shine hair care products on the market you can choose what is right for you depending on the type of hair you have.

You can always opt for the classic wash your hair with eggs and mayo, which it actually does work however your hair will not smell so good, so it is best to follow up with a scented or herbal shampoo.

Gels and creams are always an affordable alternative to create the ultimate shine for your hair.

It is recommended to use styling products in moderation, too much use of products can make your hair look dull and will not promote the shine and silk that you want to achieve.

Lemon juice has a special effect that you can use as an aid to help you create silky hair. It is easy to apply to you hair, you should leave lemon juice in your hair for about 20 minutes and thin rinse out. The end result you hair will look fantastic!

PIMPLES

Pimples is a unique skin disorder.Pimples are lesions that occur when the skin’s pores are obstructed or infected.They can form for a variety of reasons.However,the mechanism involved in causing some pores to collapse and block drainage of natural oils is not really understood. Pimples may also crop up for genetic reasons. It is not clear how it can be inherited from one’s parents, but studies do indicate a high occurrence of pimples in children whose parents had it,too.
The pimples associated with adolescence almost certainly occur because of hormonal changes that take place during puberty. Both males and females get an overdose of the male hormone testosterone during this period,causing excessive generation of sebaceous fluids that invariably cause pimples.

GIVEN BELOW ARE A FEW SIMPLE HOME REMEDIES TO FIGHT PIMPLES.

1.The most basic form of pimple prevention is hygiene and preventive skin care. Regular washing of the affected areas with mild soap is a must.The soap need not necessarily contain any chemicals designed to prevent pimples .However, face washing should not be overdone or the skin will become dehydrated .

2.Care should be taken on makeup,moisturizers and other skin care products.If these products are oil based,it would just make the problem worse. Use water based products instead.

3.Generally we rub, press or squeeze our pimples.Don’t when we do this,we risk spreading the bacteria to other areas.

4.Lemon juice diluted in water can be applied externally because of its antiseptic
quality.

5.Tea Tree oil can also be applied directly to infected pores.

6.Vitamin A tablets are also a natural and effective cure. Vitamin A promotes healthy skin.

7.Before bathing, apply a mixture of fresh tomato pulp, honey and rose-water to your face and keep for twenty minutes before washing off.

8.Juice of raw papaya is the best treatment for pimples.Apply fresh juice of raw papaya on pimples and get a good result.

9.Directly rub potato slices all over the face, helps to get rid of blemishes and
pimple scar.

10.Drink plenty of water and vegetable or fruit juices.

11.Use cucumber or other fruit and vegetable packs to cure pimple scars.

12.Maintain a diet that is rich in cottage cheese, salads, fresh juices, fish and
yogurt.These help to cleanse your system and ward off pimples.

13.Another overnight home remedy for pimples is to put a dab of toothpaste on it to help dry it out. Calamine lotion also will have the same drying effect.

14.Pound orange peel with water and apply to affected areas.

15.Another useful remedy for pimples is zinc. Which can be taken in a dose of 50 mg daily for a month and then reduce the dose.

16.You can clean your skin with apple cider vinegar as an overnight home pimple remedy.

17.Aspirin contains Beta hydroxy acid which is a powerful defoliant ,so you can crush 1to 2 Aspirin tablets mix with a little water and apply on pimples for 15 minutes and wash.

Finally,certain medications may temporarily alter the hormonal changes prevalent during adolescence and cause pimple outbreaks. If this is the case, a simple adjustment in medication may be all that is required.